One class self-organizing maps with Monte Carlo permutation for gemstone classification using Raman spectroscopy
Accurately identifying gemstones is important for authentication and quality control. In this study, we developed an artificial intelligence method that uses self-organizing maps (SOMs) combined with Monte Carlo testing to classify gemstones from their Raman vibrational patterns. The model was optimized for map size and training cycles, and its reliability was evaluated through repeated random …










